Spatial Variation of Soil Properties: Foundation Design Challenges



Abstract Views
502

Downloads
361

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Apr 13, 2023
Published May 12, 2023
10.24018/ejgeo.2023.4.3.404

Abstract viewed = 502 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The spatial variation of soil properties with specific reference to their coefficient of variation (COV), and their effect on deep foundation designs, is discussed. The difficulties in developing strength factors (Φ) for lateral load response governed by multiple resistance variables are examined. Classical and current analytical and experimental state of the art is described. Influence of amended topsoils on shear and cohesion is also examined. Finally, suggestions for determining nominal strength factors and future extension are made.
Keywords: Clay Drilled Shafts Embedment Probability Reliability Sand Strength Factors Variation

References

  1. AASHTO. LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (8th Edition). Washington DC, USA; 2017.
     Google Scholar
  2. ACI-318-2011, American Concrete Institute, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete. Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA.
     Google Scholar
  3. ASCE Standard 7-16. Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia, USA; 2016.
     Google Scholar
  4. Breysse D, LaBorderie C, Elachachi SM, Niandou H. Spatial Variations in Soil Properties and their impact on Structural Reliability. Proceedings, 2nd International Forum on Engineering Decision Making; 2007: pp. 73-83.
     Google Scholar
  5. Broms BB. Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesive Soils. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1964; 90(SM2). ASCE, Reston, Virginia, USA.
     Google Scholar
  6. Broms BB. Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesion-less Soils. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1964; 90(SM3). ASCE, Reston, Virginia, USA.
     Google Scholar
  7. Bulletin 1724E-200. Design Manual for High Voltage Transmission Lines, Rural Utilities Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA; 2015.
     Google Scholar
  8. Bulletin 1724E-205. Design Guide: Preliminary Embedment Depths for Concrete and Steel Poles. Rural Utilities Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA; 2017.
     Google Scholar
  9. CAISSON TM. Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Pier Foundations. Power Line Systems (PLS), Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 2012.
     Google Scholar
  10. Duzgun AO, Hatipoglu M, Aydilek AH. Shear and Hydraulic Properties of Compost-amended Topsoils for Use on Highway Slopes. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2021; 33(8).
     Google Scholar
  11. Foster BH. Deformation Analysis Methods for Drilled Shaft Foundations Subject to Lateral and Overturning Moment Loads, [MS Thesis]. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2016.
     Google Scholar
  12. Griffiths DV, Fenton GA. Bearing Capacity of a Spatially Random Soil: The Undrained Clay Prandtl Problem Solved. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1997; 123(2): 153-160.
     Google Scholar
  13. Hansen JB. Ultimate Resistance of Rigid Piles Against Transversal Forces. Bulletin No. 12, The Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; 1961.
     Google Scholar
  14. International Building Code and Commentary. International Code Council, Washington DC, USA; 2018.
     Google Scholar
  15. Jones AL, Kramer SL, Arduino P. Estimation of Uncertainty in Geotechnical Properties for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. PEER Report 2002/16, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; 2002.
     Google Scholar
  16. Kalaga S. Design Guidelines for Transmission Line Structures. Allgeier Martin and Associates, Joplin, Missouri, USA; 2006.
     Google Scholar
  17. Kayser M, Gajan S. Application of Probabilistic Methods to characterize Soil Variability and their Effects on Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Shallow Foundations: State of the Art. International Journal of Geotechnical Eng., 2014; 8(4): 352-364.
     Google Scholar
  18. Kalaga S, Yenumula P. Design of Electrical Transmission Lines: Structures and Foundations. Taylor and Francis/CRC Press Publishers, USA; 2016.
     Google Scholar
  19. Kim, H. Spatial Variability in Soils: Stiffness and Strength. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2005.
     Google Scholar
  20. LPILE TM. A Program for the Analysis of Piles and Drilled Shafts Under Lateral Loads. Ensoft Inc., Austin, Texas, USA; 2019.
     Google Scholar
  21. MFAD TM. Moment Foundation Analysis and Design Version 5.1, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, California, USA; 2014.
     Google Scholar
  22. NESC-C2. National Electrical Safety Code. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; 2017.
     Google Scholar
  23. NCHRP Report 489. Design of Highway Bridges for Extreme Events. Transportation Research Board, Washington DC, USA; 2003.
     Google Scholar
  24. Onyejekwe S. Characterization of Soil Variability for Reliability-Based Design. [Doctoral Dissertation] Dept. of Civil Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Columbia, Missouri, USA; 2012.
     Google Scholar
  25. Pamuru ST. Evaluation of Effect of Organic Amendments on Soil Properties, Nutrient Transport and Vegetation. [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation] Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
     Google Scholar
  26. Pramanik R, Baidya DK, Dhang N. Effect of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties on Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing under Fuzzy Uncertainty. ASCE Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 2022; 8(1): 1-14.
     Google Scholar
  27. Puppala A, Pokala SP, Intharasombat N, Williammee R. Effects of Organic Matter on Physical Strength, and Volume Change Properties of Compost-amended Expansive Clays. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2007; 133(11).
     Google Scholar
  28. Seiler JF. Effect of Depth of Embedment on Pole Stability. Wood Preserving News, 1932; 10(11): 152-168.
     Google Scholar
  29. Srivastava A, Babu GLS. Effect of Soil Variability on the Bearing Capacity of Clay and in Slope Stability Problems. Engineering Geology, 2009; 108(1-2): 142-152.
     Google Scholar
  30. Tran T-T, Han S-R, Kim D. Effect of Probabilistic Variation in Soil Properties and Profile of Site Response. Soils and Foundations, 2018; 58(6): 1339-1349.
     Google Scholar