##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

For proper management of groundwater resources, estimation of groundwater recharge is crucial. Information on groundwater recharge is particularly important in dry areas where groundwater is continuously depleting. In this study, groundwater recharge was estimated at two locations in the dry, Barind area of Bangladesh using the applied tracer, water balance (WB) and water-table fluctuation (WTF) methods. In the WTF method, considerations for drinking and irrigation withdrawal were taken. For runoff estimation in the WB method, a modified form of the USDA-SCS method was used. The results revealed that the average yearly recharge at the Nachol location varied from 104.9–195.8 mm/year under different methods, having a mean of 136.1 mm/yr over the methods. At Niamatpur location, the recharge rate varied from 125.1 to 210 mm (9.9 – 15.1% of yearly rainfall) under different methods, having a mean of 157.6 mm/yr. On average, the WTF method produced the lowest estimate of recharge followed by WB method. Based on the local geological and hydrological settings and the suitability/limitations of the methods themselves, the tracer technique may be regarded as a reliable method for the study area. The information on recharge will help the ‘water resource agency’ and ‘policymakers’ to adjust pumping/irrigation schemes, avoid over-exploitation of the groundwater resource, and ensure the long-term sustainability of the resource in the area.

References

  1. Singh A, Panda SN, Uzokwe VNE, Krause P. An assessment of groundwater recharges estimation techniques for sustainable resource management. Groundwater for Sustainable Development,2019; 9:100218. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100218.
     Google Scholar
  2. Rushton KR, Asaduz Zaman M, Hasan M. Monitoring groundwater heads and estimating recharge in multi-aquifer systems illustrated by an irrigated area in north-west Bangladesh. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 2020; 6(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00382-y.
     Google Scholar
  3. Zaman H, Ali MH, Song X. The nature of groundwater dynamics under intensive dry-season Boro rice cultivation: A case study in Bogra district, northwest region of Bangladesh. Journal of Agril. Engg., 2019; 42/AE(1): 33-44.
     Google Scholar
  4. Ali MH, Sarkar AA, Rahman MA. Analysis on groundwater-table declination and quest for sustainable water use in the North-western region (Barind area) of Bangladesh. Journal of Agril. Sci. and Applications. 2012; 1(1):26-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2012.010105.
     Google Scholar
  5. Ali MH, Mubarak S. Approaches and Methods of Quantifying Natural Groundwater Recharge – A Review. Asian J. Environ. & Ecology, 2017; 5(1): 1-27. http://doi.org/10.9734/AJEE/2017/36987.
     Google Scholar
  6. Ebrahimi H, Ghazavi R, Karimi H. Estimation of Groundwater Recharge from the Rainfall and Irrigation in an Arid Environment Using Inverse Modeling Approach and RS. Water Resource Management, 2016; 30:1939–195. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1261-6.
     Google Scholar
  7. Scanlon BR, Healy RW, Cook PG. Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge. Hydrogeol. J.2002; 10: 18-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0176-2.
     Google Scholar
  8. Banimahd SA, Khalili D, Zand-Parsa S, Kamgar-Haghighi AA. Development of a Simulation Model for Estimation of Potential Recharge in a Semi-arid Foothill Region. Water Resour. Manage. 2017; 31:1535–1556. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1593-x.
     Google Scholar
  9. Ali MH. Quantifying natural groundwater recharge using tracer and other techniques. Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology. 2017; 5(1): 1-12. http://doi.org/10.9734/AJEE/2017/36811.
     Google Scholar
  10. Halford K, Mayer GC. Problems Associated with Estimating Ground Water Discharge and Recharge from Stream-Discharge Records, Ground Water.2000; 38(3): 331-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00218.x.
     Google Scholar
  11. Gee GW, Hillel D. Groundwater recharge in arid regions: review and critique of estimation methods. Hydrol. Proc. 1988; 2: 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360020306.
     Google Scholar
  12. Cartwright I, Morgenstern U, Hofmann H, Gilfedder B. Comparisons and uncertainties of recharge estimates in a temperate alpine catchment, Journal of Hydrology.2020; 590:125558.
     Google Scholar
  13. Lanini S, Caballero Y. Groundwater recharge and associated uncertainty estimation combining multi-method and multi-scale approaches. 8th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software, International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, Jul 2016, Toulouse, France. hal-01326398.
     Google Scholar
  14. Delottier H, Pryet A, Lemieux JM, Dupuy A. Estimating groundwater recharge uncertainty from joint application of an aquifer test and the water-table fluctuation method. Hydrogeology Journal, 2018; 26(7): 2495–2505.Doi: 10.1007/s10040-018-1790-6_.
     Google Scholar
  15. Ferede M, Haile AT, Walker D, Gowing J, Parkin G. Multi-method groundwater recharge estimation at Eshito micro-watershed, Rift Valley Basin in Ethiopia, Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2020; 65(9): 1596-1605.doi: http://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1762887.
     Google Scholar
  16. Islam S, Singh RK, Khan RA. Methods of Estimating Ground water Recharge. International Journal of Engineering Associates. 2015; 5(2): 6-8.
     Google Scholar
  17. Ali MH, Zaman H, Islam MA, Biswas P. Estimation of groundwater recharge using tracer and water balance method at Ishwardi, Bangladesh. J. of Agril. Engg., The Inst. of Engrs, Bangladesh. 2019; 42/AE(1): 75-82.
     Google Scholar
  18. Fauzia SL, Rahman A,AhmedS.Distributed groundwater recharge potentials assessment based on GIS model and its dynamics in the crystalline rocks of South India.Sci Rep. 2021;11:11772. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90898-w.
     Google Scholar
  19. Risser DW, Gburek WJ, Folmar GJ. Comparison of recharge estimates at a small watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA. Hydrogeology Journal. 2009; 17: 287–298. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0406-y
     Google Scholar
  20. Scanlon BR, Keese KE, Flint AL, Flint LE, Gaye CB, Edmunds WM, Simmers I. Global synthesis of groundwater recharge in semiarid and arid regions. Hydrological Processes. 2006; 20(15): 3335-3370. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6335.
     Google Scholar
  21. Yin L, Hu G, Huang J, Wen D, Dong J, Wang X, Li H. Groundwater-recharge estimation in the Ordos Plateau, China: comparison of methods. Hydrogeology Journal, 2011; 19: 1563-1575. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0777-3.
     Google Scholar
  22. Doughty HW. Mohr’s method for the determination of silver and Halogens in other than neutral solutions. JACS, 1929; 46: 277-2709.
     Google Scholar
  23. Harris DC. Quantitative chemical analysis. (7th ed.), Freeman & Co., NY, Section 26-5; 2007, ISBN:978-0716770411.
     Google Scholar
  24. Chand R, Hodlur GK, Prakash MR, Mondal NC, Singh VS. Reliable natural recharge estimates in granite terrain. Current Sci. 2005; 88(5): 821-824.
     Google Scholar
  25. Malama B, Kuhlman KL, Barrash W, Cardiff M, Thomas M. Modeling slug tests in unconfined aquifers taking into account water table kinematics, wellbore skin and inertial effects. Journal of Hydrology. 2011; 408(1–2), 113–126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
     Google Scholar
  26. Crosbie RS, Binning P, Kalma JD. A time series approach to inferring groundwater recharge using the water table fluctuation method. Water Resources Research. 2005; 41, W01008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004WR003077.
     Google Scholar
  27. Prickett TA. Type-curve solution to aquifer tests under water-table conditions. Groundwater. 1965; 3(3), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1965.tb01214.x.
     Google Scholar
  28. Ali MH. Field Water Balance. Field Water Balance. Fundamentals of Irrigation and On-farm Water Management: Volume 1, 331–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6335-2_7.
     Google Scholar
  29. Ali MH, Abustan I. Methods and approaches of groundwater investigation, development, and management. In: Dominic P. Torres (Eds..) Water Engineering. Nova Science Publishers, Inc, NY, USA;2019: 1-122.
     Google Scholar
  30. Sharma ML, Hughes MW. Groundwater recharge estimation using chloride, deuterium and oxygen-18 profiles in the deep coastal sands of Western Australia. J Hydrol. 1986; 81(1-2): 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694%2885%2990169-6.
     Google Scholar
  31. Lerner DN, Issar AS, Simmers I. Groundwater recharge. A guide to understanding and estimating natural recharge. IAH Int. Contrib. hydrogeol.8, Heinz Heise, Hannover; 1990: 345.
     Google Scholar
  32. Lin D, Jin M, Liang X, Zhan H. Estimating groundwater recharge beneath irrigated farmland using environmental tracers fluoride, chloride and sulfate. Hydrogeol. J.2013; 21: 1469-1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-1015-y.
     Google Scholar
  33. Coes AL, Spruill TB, Thomson MJ. Multiple-method estimation of recharge rates at diverse locations in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, USA. Hydrogeol. J. 2007; 15: 773-788.
     Google Scholar
  34. Cherkauer DS. Quantifying groundwater recharge at multiple scales using PRMS and GIS. Ground Water. 2004; 42(1): 97-110.
     Google Scholar
  35. Varni M, Comas R, Weinzettel P, Dietrich S. Application of the water-table fluctuation method to characterize groundwater recharge in the Pampa plain, Argentina. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2013; 58(7):1445-1455. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.833663.
     Google Scholar