Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Histopathological Studies of Fish Tissues from Ose River, Ondo State, Nigeria



Abstract Views
447

Downloads
306

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Jun 9, 2022
Published Aug 11, 2022
10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.4.300

Abstract viewed = 447 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The exposure of the aquatic ecosystem to heavy metal from both natural and anthropogenic activities are on the rise and have harmful health effects on all aquatic organisms and human. This study assessed the concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Zn) in surface water, sediments and fish tissues of Ose River and examined the histopathological changes of the tissues of two fish species (Mormyrus rume and Clarias garienpinus). Surface water, sediments and fish samples were collected and procured from Ose River in Ondo State, Nigeria from February to April 2021. Heavy metal digestions were done in the laboratory using HNO3/HCl while the concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Histopathological alterations in the fish tissues were also assessed. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF), ecological risk index and potential ecological risk level were used to assess the investigated metal concentrations. In the surface water, the concentration of Cd (0.010–0.030 mg/l) and As (0.010–0.05 mg/l) exceeded the WHO limits of 0.01mg/l respectively while Fe, Pb, Cr and Zn were within the limits. In the sediments, all metals exceeded the limits except Pb and As. The concentrations of Pb (0.30±0.000–4.12±0.030 mg/l), Zn (9.970±0.010–30.77±0.023 mg/l), Cd (0.026±0.002–0.331±0.004 mg/l) and Cr (ND-0.331±0.004 mg/l) in the fish tissues were seen to be higher than the permissible limits of 0.5 mg/l, 5 mg/l, 0.005 mgl and 0.05-0.15 mg/l respectively. The BAF showed no probability. The alterations observed in the kidneys of the fish were cholestasis, necrosis, loss of glomeruli structure and tubular necrosis. While the gills showed congestion of the central veins and interlamellae hyperplasia caused by the presence of a monogenean parasite. The livers however revealed loss of hepatocytes nuclei, necrosis in hepatocytes and lymphocytic infiltrate. The study showed that the study site was polluted with heavy metals and may pose serious health issues to fishers, those using the water and people feeding on fish from the river. This study therefore suggests good indicators for bio-monitoring of heavy metals in Ose River. Seeing that the site was polluted with heavy metals hence, a more comprehensive assessment of the river is recommended.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation Factor, Heavy Metals, Histopathology, Hyperplasia, Necrosis, Ose River.

References

  1. Elbeshti RT, Elderwish NM, Abdelali KM, Tastan Y. Effects of heavy metals on fish. Menba J Fish Fac. 2018; 4(1):36-47. Available from: http://asosindex.com.tr/TBTKK/ menba/506762.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  2. Abalaka SE, Enem, SI, Idoko IS, Sani, NA, Tenuche, OZ, Ejeh, SA, Sambo WK. Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation and Health Risks with Associated Histopathological Changes in Clarias gariepinus from the Kado Fish Market, Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Health & Pollution. 2020; 10 (26): 1-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7269322/.
     Google Scholar
  3. El-Naggar AM, Mahmoud SA, Tayel SI. Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals and histopathological alterations in liver of Oreochromis niloticus in relation to water quality at different localities along the River Nile, Egypt. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 2009; 1(2): 105–114. http://www.pvamu.edu/texged.
     Google Scholar
  4. Boscher A, Gobert S, Guignard C, Ziebel J, L’Hoste L, Gutleb AC, Cauchie HM, Hoffmann L, Schmidt G. Chemical contaminants in fish species from rivers in the North of Luxembourg: potential impact on the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). Chemosphere, 2010; 78(7): 785-792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.024.
     Google Scholar
  5. Ricart M, Guasch H, Barceló D, Brix R, Conceição MH, Geiszinger A, de Alda MJL, López-Doval JC, Muñoz I, Postigo C, Romaní AM, Villagrasa M, and Sabater, S. Primary and complex stressors in polluted Mediterranean rivers: pesticide effects on biological communities. Journal of Hydrology. 2010; 383(1-2): 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.014.
     Google Scholar
  6. Farombi EO, Adelowo OA, Ajimoko YR. biomarkers of Oxidative stress and heavy metal level as indicators of Environmental pollution in African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) from Ogun River. Int. J Environ Res Public Heal. 2007; 4(2):158-65. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2007040011.
     Google Scholar
  7. Ashamo MO, Raheem A. Bioaccumulation of Heavy metals In Some Freshwater Fishes from Ogbese River, Ogbese, Ondo State. FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences. 2017; 13 (2): 225-235. https://www.fjrs.futa.edu.ng.
     Google Scholar
  8. Plessl C, Otachi EO, Korner W, AvenantOldewage A, Jirsa F. Fish as bioindicators for trace element pollution from two contrasting lakes in the Eastern Rift Valley, Kenya: spatial and temporal aspects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017; 24(24):19767-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9518-z.
     Google Scholar
  9. Authman MMN, Abbas HH, Abbas WT. Assessment of metal status in drainage canal water and their bioaccumulation in Oreochromis niloticus fish in relation to human health. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2013;185(1): 891-907. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-012-2599-8.
     Google Scholar
  10. Kock, G, Triedl M & Hofer. R. 1996. Seasonal Pattern of Metal Accumulation In Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from an oligotrophic Alpine lake relate to temperature. Can. J.Fish. Aqat. Sci. 1996; 53: 780-786. https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-243.
     Google Scholar
  11. Naigaga I, Kaiser H, Muller WJ, Ojok L, Mbanazi D, Magezi G, Muhumaza E. Fish as bioindicators in aquatic environmental pollution assessment: A case study in Lake Victoria wetlands, Uganda. Phys Chem Earth Parts A/B/C. 2011;36(14-15):918-28. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.066.
     Google Scholar
  12. Kojadinovic J, Potier M, Le Corre M, Cosson RP, Bustamante P. Bioaccumulation of trace elements in pelagic fish from the Western Indian Ocean. Environ Pollut. 2007; 146(2):548-66. Available from: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.07.015.
     Google Scholar
  13. Olayinka-Olagunju JO, Dosumu A, Olatunji-Ojo AM. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish organs, Water and Sediments of Ogbese River, Ondo State, South Western Nigeria. Water, Air and Soil Pollution: An International Journal of Environmental Pollution. 2021; 232:44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-04987-7.
     Google Scholar
  14. Olayinka-Olagunju JO. Analysis And Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediments of Owena River Ondo State. FUTA Journal of Research in Sciences. 2021.; 1(1): 39-53. https://www.fjrs.futa.edu.ng.
     Google Scholar
  15. Akindele EO, Omisakina OD, Onia OA, Aliu OO, Omoniyi GE, Akinpelu OT. Heavy metal toxicity in the water column and benthic sediments of a degraded tropical stream. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 190:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110153.
     Google Scholar
  16. Olatunji-Ojo AM, Olayinka-Olagunju JO, Odedeyi DO, Adejuyigbe A (2019) Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment from oil-producing regions of Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation. 2019; 6(6): 263–270. https://www.fjrs.futa.edu.ng.
     Google Scholar
  17. Olayinka-Olagunju, JO. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and pollution indices in water, sediments and fish organs of Ose River Ondo State Southwestern Nigeria. 2022 [accepted by Nigeria Journal of Fisheries]. 2022; (NJF-MS-21-058).
     Google Scholar
  18. Abalaka SE. Heavy metals bioaccumulation and histopathological changes in Auchenoglanis occidentalis fish from Tiga dam, Nigeria. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2015;13: Article 67 [8 p.]. https://doi. org/10.1186/s40201-015-0222-y.
     Google Scholar
  19. Ibrahim SA, Authman MM, Gaber HS, El-Kasheif MA. Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals and their Histopathological Impact on Flesh of Clarias gariepinus from El-Rahawydrain, Egypt. International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering. 2013;4:51-73.
     Google Scholar
  20. Mustafa AS. Histopathology and heavy metal bioaccumulation in some tissues of Luciobarbus xanthopterus collected from Tigris River of Baghdad, Iraq. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2020;46:123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2020.01.004
     Google Scholar
  21. Rocha E, Monteiro RAF. Histology and cytology of fish liver: A review, p.321-344. In: Saksena D.N. (ed.) Ichthyology: Recent research advances. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire. 1999.
     Google Scholar
  22. Boudou A, Scauld DG, Desmazes ID. Ecotoxicological role of the membrane barrier’s in Transport and Bioaccumulation of Mercury compound in J.ONriagu (ed). Aquatic Toxicology: Wiley Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1983.
     Google Scholar
  23. Mohamed FAS. Histopathological studies on Tilapia zilli and Solea vulgaris from lake Quran, Egypt. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences. 2009;1(1):29-39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242150463.
     Google Scholar
  24. El-Bakary NER, Said SB, El-Badaly A. Using Oreochromis niloticus for assessment of water quality in water treatment plants. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2011;12(9):1455-1463. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228508118_Using_Oreochromis_niloticus_for_Assessment_of_Water_Quality_in_Water_Treatment_Plants.
     Google Scholar
  25. Wang DY, Huang BQ, Ueng JP. Structural changes in the muscular tissue of thornfish (Terapon jarbua, Forsskål) under TBT (tributyltin) exposure. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan. 2004; [cited 2013 Sept.] 31(3): 225-234. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=03794180-200409-31-3-225-234-a.
     Google Scholar
  26. Koca YB, Koca S, Yildiz Ş, Gürcü B, Osanç E, Tunçbaş O, Aksoy G. Investigation of histopathological and cytogenetic effects on Lepomis gibbosus (Pisces: Perciformes) in the Çine stream (Aydin/Turkey) with determination of water pollution. Environmental Toxicology. 2005; 20(6): 560-571. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20145.
     Google Scholar
  27. Falowo OO, Akindureni Y, Ojo O. Irrigation and Drinking Water Quality Index Determination for Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Akoko Northwest and Northeast Areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering. 2017;3(5):50-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20170305.11.
     Google Scholar
  28. Orjiekwe CL, Solola SA, Chinedu NB. Assessment of water quality of Ogbese River in Ovia North-East Local Government area of Edo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Current Research. 2013; 5(11), 3422 – 3427. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs/article/view/103513.
     Google Scholar
  29. Ali, M. M., Ali, M. L., Islamc, M. S., & Rahman, M. Z. (2016). 964 Preliminary assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment of Karnaphuli River. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 2016; 5: 27 –35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2016.01.002.
     Google Scholar
  30. Yi Y, Yanga Z, Zhang S. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Environmental Pollution. 2011; 159: 2575–2585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.06.011.
     Google Scholar
  31. AOAC. Official methods of analysis. In Association of 976 Official Analytical Chemists. 15th ed. Washington D.C, 2005, pp. 11–14.
     Google Scholar
  32. Ojokoh AO. Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) calyx diet and histopathology changes in liver of Albino rats. Pak. J. Nutr. [Internet] 2006;5,110-113. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2006.110.113.
     Google Scholar
  33. de Lillo E, Craemer C, Amrine JW, Nuzzaci G. Recommended procedures and techniques for morphological studies of Eriophyoidea (Acari: Prostigmata). Experimental and Applied Acarology. [Internet]. 2010;51(1-3),283-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9562-6_15.
     Google Scholar
  34. Jiao B, Xu G, Li D, Luo J, Yang K. Hazards of heavy metals in coal. Disaster Advances. 2012; [cited Jan. 2021];5(4):1812–1818. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/WOSCC/fullrecord/000313100100315.
     Google Scholar
  35. Dong J, Bian Z, Wang, H. Comparison of heavy metal contents between different reclaimed soils and the control soil. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology. 2007; 36(4), 531–536. https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/21240255.
     Google Scholar
  36. WHO (World Health Organization). Guidelines for drinking water quality. (4th ed) p. 564. Geneva: 2011.
     Google Scholar
  37. WHO (World Health Organization) Malathion in drinking water. Background Document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking water Quality. (WHO/SDE/ WSH/ 03.04/103). 2003.
     Google Scholar
  38. Burden VM, Sandheinrich CA, Caldwell A. Effects of lead on the growth and alpha amino levulinic acid dehydrates activity of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Environmental Pollution. 1998; 101: 285–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00029-3.
     Google Scholar
  39. Samlafo BV. Level of cadmium in soil, sediments and water samples from Tarkwa and its environs. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences. 2006; 4:53-59. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03114.
     Google Scholar
  40. Sobha V, Varma NK, Ajith VV. Comparative evaluation of laser etching and acid etching: an in vitro study. International Journal of Laser Dentistry. 2016;6:6–11. https://doi. org/10.5005/jp-journals-10022-1079.
     Google Scholar
  41. Obahiagbon K, Olowojoba G. Metal toxicity in mammals, volume 2 of chemical toxicity of metals and metalloids. 2007; New York: Plenum press. 2007.
     Google Scholar
  42. Thinh N, Ozaki AO, Tho H, Duc A, Thi Y, Kurosawa, K. Arsenic and heavy metal contamination in soils under different land use in an estuary in Northern Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(11): 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111091.
     Google Scholar
  43. EGLE (Environment, Great Lake and Energy). Great lakes water infrastructure conference. 2022 http:/www.michigan.gov/pfasresponse.
     Google Scholar
  44. Costa M. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr (VI) in animal models and humans. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. [Internet]. 1997; 27: 431– 442. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408449709078442.
     Google Scholar
  45. Tully DB, Collins BJ, Overstreet, DJ, Smith, CS, Dinse GE, Mumtaz MM, Chapin, RE. Effects of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead on Gene Expression Regulated by a Battery of 13 Different Promoters in Recombinant HepG2 Cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2000; 168: 79 –90 https://doi:10.1006/taap.2000.9014.
     Google Scholar
  46. Anderson RA. Chromium as an essential nutrient for humans. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1997; 26: S35–S41. https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1997.1136.
     Google Scholar
  47. Cohen MD, Kargacin B, Klein CB, Costa M. Mechanisms of chromium carcinogenicity and toxicity. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 1993; 23: 255–281. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408449309105012.
     Google Scholar
  48. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Toxicological profile for /arsenic. U.S. Department of health and human services. Public Health Service, pp. A–5. 2000.
     Google Scholar
  49. Morin D, Lips A, Pinches T, et al. BioMinE – Integrated project for the development of biotechnology for metal-bearing materials in Europe. Hydrometallurgy. 2006; 83(1-4): 69-76.
     Google Scholar
  50. Ogunbileje JO, Sadagoparamanujam VM, Anetor JI, Farombi O. Lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, calcium, iron, manganese and chromium (vi) in Nigeria and United States of America cement dust. Chemosphere. 2013; [March 2013]; 90 (11): 2743-2749. https://doi.org/10.1016/i.chemosphere.2012.11.058.
     Google Scholar
  51. Adekoya J, Williams A, Olusegun A. Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Igbede, Ojo and Ojora rivers of Lagos, Nigeria. The Environmentalist. 2006; 26: 277–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-006-9077-1.
     Google Scholar
  52. Vardi, V, Chenji, V. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in edible marine fish from coastal areas of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020. 10(01):18–24.
     Google Scholar
  53. Ana GR, Oloruntoba EO, Shendell D, Elemile OO, Benjamin OR, Sridhar MK. Solid waste management problems in secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Health. 2011; 74(2): 24–28.
     Google Scholar
  54. Ochieng E, Lalah J, Wandiga S. Analysis of heavy metals in water and surface sediment in five rift valley lakes in Kenya for assessment of recent increase in anthropogenic activities. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2007; 79: 570–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128- 007-9286-4.
     Google Scholar
  55. Onjefu SA, Abah J, Nambundunga B. Some heavy metals’ concentrations in roadside dusts at Monte Christo, Windhoek Namibia. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development. 2017; 8: 647–652.
     Google Scholar
  56. Adesuyi AA, Njoku KL, Akinola MO. Assessment of heavy metals pollution in soils and vegetation around selected industries in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection. 2015; 3: 11–19. http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=59420abstract.
     Google Scholar
  57. Arnot JA, Gobas FA. A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms. Environmental Reviews. 2006; 14: 257–297. https://doi.org/10.1139/a06-005.
     Google Scholar
  58. Ashraf M, Accumulation of heavy metal in kidney and heart of Epinephelusmicrodo fish from Arabian. Gulf Environ Asses. 2005; 101:311-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-0298-4.
     Google Scholar
  59. Hinton DE, Lauren DJ. Integrative histopathological approaches to detecting effects of environmental stressors on fishes. In: Adams SM, editor. Biological indicators of stress in fish. Bethesda (MD): American Fisheries Society Symposium; 1990. p. 51-6.
     Google Scholar
  60. Yi YJ, Zhang SH. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) concentrations in seven fish species in relation to fish size and location along the Yangtze River. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2012; 19(9): 3989–3996., 2019. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0840-1.
     Google Scholar
  61. Movahedinia A, Abtahi B, Bahmani M. Gill Histopathological Lesions of the Sturgeons. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2012; 7: 710-717.
     Google Scholar