Physiochemical Analysis of Water from Some Selected Boreholes and Hand dug wells in Kaltungo, Gombe State, Northeast, Nigeria

The occurrence, storage, and distribution of groundwater in the Precambrian basement complex are influenced by different geological factors. Groundwater is never chemically pure; dissolution of substances takes place in the course of its percolation through the rocks leading to its acquisition of some of their chemical constituents. The purpose of the investigation is to determine the suitability of groundwater for domestic and industrial usage. Four samples were collected from boreholes and six from hand dug wells. Samples were analyzed chemically by using the DR/2010 Spectrophotometer and Digital Titrator while physical parameters where determine using the pH meter, and TDS meter. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity results range from 4.24 m/day to 72.63 m/day and 23.84 m²/day to 964.0 m²/day. The geochemical result obtained from the analysis of 10 water samples in the study area with an average values pH 6.82. Temp. 31⁰C, colour (TCU) 1.00, Turbidity 1.2, Conductivity 174.5TDS 87.7 mg/l, which revealed that the water physical parameters are below the WHO permissible value. Total Hardness 161.7mg/l, Ca²⁺ 64.3mg/l Na⁺ 68.8mg/l, NO₃⁺ 0.1 mg/l Fe²⁺ 0.04 mg/l CO₃ 96.4 mg/l Sulphate 47 mg/l Cl^- 96 mg/l and F^- 0.3 mg/l. Results obtained of the water analysis reveals that the concentration of Total Hardness and F^- in some parts of the study area are above the permissible standard for drinking water WHO Standard. Therefore, the water in the affected part of the study area should be subjected to proper treatment. The groundwater flow direction is from higher surface elevation to lower surface elevation.