##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The data collected on the population characteristics of waterbirds. The data were collected from January 2011 to December 2013. Birds were counted using direct count method. During the study period of waterbirds belonged to 37 species and 31 genus, included under 14 families and 7 orders were recorded. Among the 37 species, 5 species were migratory, 17 species were resident, and 15 species were resident migratory. Among them 5 species are categorized as Near Threatened and the remaining 32 species are Least Consent as per the IUCN categories, (2021). Among the four seasons the post monsoon season attracted higher turnover (1036.1±243.01 No./ha.) of bird density than the other seasons recorded. The diversity was also highest during the post monsoon when compared to other seasons. But the waterbird species richness was higher during monsoon season than the post monsoon and other seasons. The density, diversity and waterbird species richness showed significant variations among the years (P<0.05).

References

  1. Gibbs J. P. The importance of small wetlands for the persistence of local populations of wetland-associated animals. 1993.Wetlands, 13: 25-31.
     Google Scholar
  2. Mitsch W. J. and Gosselink J. G. Wetlands 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 2000. New York.
     Google Scholar
  3. Maltby E. Waterlogged wealth. Why waste the world’s wet places. 1986. London: Earthscan.
     Google Scholar
  4. Maltby E. and Turner R. E. Wetlands are not wastelands. Geographical Magazine, 1983. LV. 92–97.
     Google Scholar
  5. Chatrath K. J. S. Wetland of India. Ashish Publishing House, 1992. New Delhi.
     Google Scholar
  6. Grimmett R. and Inskipp T. Birds of Sourthern India. Om Books International, 2007.New Delhi, India.
     Google Scholar
  7. Mohanraj S. and Pandiyan J. Aerial foragers in the periyakulam lake, Tiruchirrappalli district, tamil nadu, southern india. International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2015. 3(3): 267-273.
     Google Scholar
  8. Mohanraj S. and Pandiyan J. Seasonal diversity of diving birds in the Periyakulam Lake, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Sci. Trans. Environ., 2015;8(3): 132-135.
     Google Scholar
  9. Mohanraj S. and Pandiyan J. Diversity of Large Waders in the Periyakulam Lake, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. J. Sci. Trans. Environ. Technov., 2017;10 (3): 198-203.
     Google Scholar
  10. Murphy-Berman V., Berman J. Singh P. Pachauri A. and Kumar P. Factors affecting allocation to needy and meritorious recipients: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984;46: 1267-1272.
     Google Scholar
  11. Hussain S. A., Mohapathra K. K. and Ali S. Avifauna profile of Chilka Lake. A case for conservation. Technical Report No.4. 1984. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay.
     Google Scholar
  12. Shukla U. N. and Lone A. A. Water Birds of Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary Agra, Uttar Pradesh. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010. 1(2): 135-139.
     Google Scholar
  13. Nilsson S.G. and Nilsson I. N. Breeding bird community densities and species richness in lakes. Oikos, 1978;31: 214.
     Google Scholar
  14. Weller M. M. Freshwater marshes and wildlife management. University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis. As cited by Vijayan, L. 1995. Loc. 1981. Cit.
     Google Scholar
  15. Pandiyan J. and Asokan S. Abundance and Distribution of plovers, Pazhaiyar mudflat, Nagaipatinam district, southern India, J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 2008a;18(2): 142-152.
     Google Scholar
  16. Pandiyan J. and Asokan S. Patterns of association and habitat use by migrating shorebirds on intertidal mudflats of Tirumullaivasal estuary, Nagaipatinam district, southern India, J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 2008b;18(3): 259-265.
     Google Scholar
  17. Pandiyan J., Naresh B. and Nagarajan R. Salt Pans-alternate foraging and roosting habitats for waterbirds. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indian Ornithology, pp. 57-59. Salim Ali Centre for Ornithoogy and Natural History, Coimbatore, 2013. India.
     Google Scholar
  18. Pandiyan J. Ecology of shorebirds in the tidal flats of Cauvery deltaic region of Southern India. Ph.D. Thesis, Bharathidasan University, 2002. Thiruchirappalli, India.
     Google Scholar
  19. Pandiyan J., Asokan S. Thiyagesan K. and Nagrajan R. Use of tidal flats in the Cauvery Delta region of SE India by shorebirds, gulls and terns. Wader Study Group Bull., 2006;109: 105-111.
     Google Scholar
  20. Nagarajan, R. and Thiyagesan, K. Waterbirds and substrate quality of the Pichavaram wetlands, southern India. Ibis, 1996;138: 710-721.
     Google Scholar
  21. Verner J. Assessment of counting techniques." Current ornithology. 1985. Springer US, 247-302.
     Google Scholar
  22. Wiens J. A. The ecology of bird communities. Volume 1. Foundations and patterns. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1989. USA.
     Google Scholar
  23. Guadagnin D. L., Schmitz-Peter A. Carvalho L. F. and Maltchik L. Spatial and temporal patterns of waterbird assemblages in fragmented wetlands of southern Brazil. 2005. Waterbirds, 28: 261–272.
     Google Scholar
  24. Hockey P. A. R., Dean W. R. J. and Ryan P. G. (eds). 2005. Roberts birds of southern Africa (7th edn). Cape Town: Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund.
     Google Scholar
  25. Irwin M. P. S. The birds of Zimbabwe. Salisbury: 1981.Quest Publishing.
     Google Scholar
  26. Sampath K. and Krishnamurthy K. Birds of the Pichavaram man-groves and the adjoining coastal environs. J. Ecol. Soc., 1993;6: 23–38.
     Google Scholar
  27. Ali A. and Ripley S. D. Hand book of the birds of India and Pakistan Vol. 1-12 Oxford University Press, 1980. Delhi.
     Google Scholar
  28. Ali S. Studies on the movement of population of Indian Avifauna. Ann.Rep. 1985-1986. Bombay Natural History Society, 1986 Bombay.
     Google Scholar
  29. Vijayan V. S. On conserving the fauna of Indian wetlands. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B. Suppl., 1986;91-101.
     Google Scholar
  30. Vijayan, V. S. Keoladeo National Park Ecology Study. Annual Report. 1987. Bombay. Natural, History. Society, 1988. Bombay.
     Google Scholar
  31. Sampath K. and Krishnamurthy K. Shorebirds of the salt ponds at Great Vedaranyam Salt Swamp. Stilt, 1989;15: 20-23.
     Google Scholar
  32. Sampath K. and Krishnamurthy K. Shorebirds of the salt ponds at the Great Vedaranyam Salt Swamps, Tamil Nadu, India. Stilt, 1989a;15: 20–23.
     Google Scholar
  33. Poulin B., Lefebvre G. McNeil R. Variation in bird abundances in tropical arid and semi-arid habitats. Ibis, 1993;135: 432–441.
     Google Scholar
  34. Romano M., Barberis I. Pagano F. and Maidagan J. Seasonal and inter-annual variation in waterbird abundance and species composition in the Melincue saline lake, Argentina. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2005;51: 1–13.
     Google Scholar
  35. DuBowy P. J. Waterfowl communities and seasonal environments: temporal variability in interspecific competition. 1998. Ecology, 69: 1439–1453.
     Google Scholar
  36. Bancroft C. T., Strong A. M. Sawicki R. J. Hoffman W. and Jewell S. D. Relationships among wading bird foraging patterns, colony locations, and hydrology in the Everglades. In: Davis SM, Ogden JC (eds) Everglades: The ecosystem and its restoration. 1994.St. Lucie, Delray Beach, 615-657.
     Google Scholar
  37. Cody M. X. (Ed.) Habitat selection in birds. Academic Press, Orlando, 1985. FL.
     Google Scholar
  38. Walther B. A. Grounded ground birds and surfing canopy birds: variation of foraging stratum breadth observed in Neotropical forest birds and tested with simulation models using boundary constraints. Auk, 2002b;119: 658–675.
     Google Scholar